Skeletal System Introduction
Skeletal System
Introduction
Functions
Support/Leverage
Protection
Storage (Minerals and Lipids)
Blood cell production
Types of bones
Long bones
Longer than wide
Ex) Femur, Humerus, most bones of the UE and LE
Short bones
About as long as wide
Ex) carpal bones (except pisiform)
Flat bones
Have thin, roughly parallel surfaces
Example) Cranial bones, ribs, sternum
Irregular bones
Complex shapes
Ex) Vertebrae, coxal bone, facial bones and some cranial bones
Sesamoid bones
Shaped somewhat like a sesame seed, wrapped in tendon
Ex) Patella, pisiform, sesamoid bones on distal 1st metatarsal
Bone Structure
Two types of bone
Compact bone
AKA dense bone
Relatively solid
Spongy bone
Aka Cancellous bone
Forms open network of struts and plates
Typical structure of bones
Periosteum
Fibrous outer layer - Dense, irregular connective tissue
Cellular inner layer
3 parts (long bone)
Diaphysis (shaft)
Epiphysis (expanded ends)
Metaphysis (Narrow zone connecting two regions)